Confraternities within guilds. Spiritual and temporal corporatism in 17th-18th centuries Paris
The link between guilds and confraternities, in early-modern France, requires mixing both temporal and spiritual aspects of a corporated economy at that time. The example of Paris, featuring great merchant guilds, adds another dimension, that is their supporting role to an ever smaller group, les notables, and to their social and economical interest. The very existence of the confraternity as a separate community, even as a place of integration for all the members, can thus be questioned. Over the 18th century, confraternity appeared to become but a expenditure item, that guild’s chiefs controlled by their own (as payment of alms and divine service costs). It is coupled too with a process of monetarisation and pricing practices affecting all internal relationships. The more this process was developing, the more the monarchy could oversee it, inspect it, and at last condemn it as a wide set of bad accounting policies. Confraternity was then dissolved in a powerful conception of temporal and public authority, handled by a more and more administrative monarchy, by its rules, announcing in such a way the abolition of the whole guild system by Turgot in 1776.
Keywords
- early-modern France
- confraternities
- guilds
- social links
- monetarisation
- royal prerogative