In recent years, the land map of the world has been changed by a massive and rapid movement. The English term for it is land grabbing. This process presents a diversity of property features, such as usurpation and expropriation. It is driven by new and old actors, with different objectives. However, this represents a new wave of land dispossession, a new form of appropriation and reconcentration of land and natural resources, because this movement goes beyond the property framework and covers all the entire living natural world. It converts and it changes the rights, customs and traditional practices. It subjects the indigenous population to its own logic, with the cooperation of local states. In this article, we reconstruct the main features of this process, its mechanisms and its structural logic. We also advocate for the historian an understanding of a process which, we are sure, is not new.