Since the end of 2000, assessing French antisemitism has become a major issue of debate and controversy. As a discussion of the tools and methodological considerations, an analysis of minority politics, and a mapping of political cleavages, this article intends to look back on the interactions between the different public and private actors involved: the French State, the organized Jewish community, intellectuals, and scholars. The assessment of antisemitism in France has primarily relied on opinion polls and statistics related to the number of hostile acts committed against individuals and institutions perceived as Jewish on an annual basis. At a time when the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and debates on multiculturalism, Islam, and racism are shaping tensions in the public arena, the debate and its framework have changed considerably. The challenges posed by newer forms of hostility towards Jews in contemporary France invite researchers in the field to reconsider the relevance of the tools and models used to appraise a minority group’s integration in society, and to develop a new understanding of the definition of antisemitism.