The “intermixing” of Jews and Christians was a stumbling block for anti-Jewish policies and the nightmare of racists and anti-Semitics. True “question” in the Jewish question, the fate of the spouses of “Aryans” and “half-Jews” was not only a headache for the governments but also a source of conflict within anti-Semitic regimes throughout the 1930s and during World War II. Except for the case of Germany, the fate of the Mischlinge has seldom been studied by historians. The analysis contained in the present article is based on the Italian situation, stressing the political and legal challenges of the issue, and it is part of wider research devoted to the persecution of families from “intermarriages” in Fascist Italy and in Vichy France. The article focuses on the views of those who implemented anti-Semitic policies. However, it also presents the first results of research on the effects of the discrimination of the “half-Jews” and on the defense and survival strategies of the victims, in the perspective of an “integrated history of the Shoah.”