Until recently, among the historians who studied police and law enforcement in France, the reference to the works of Michel Foucault had been almost exclusively limited to Discipline and Punish (1975). Save for a few remarkable exceptions, historians ignored his reflections or contested the historical value of his research, as if Foucault was one of them. However, some valuable historical works were influenced by his work as early as the 1970s and 1980s. Since the end of the 1990s, with the publication of his thus-far-scattered courses and texts, his reflections on police and the arts of government were rediscovered, whereas historians appropriated his work more freely. His work has become a source of inspiration for the historiography of policing, which is undergoing a complete renewal. This essay is a provisional presentation of recent research influenced by Foucault.