Though Elio Vittorini was not well-known in France until the end of the second world war, the close relations he established after 1945 with many French intelligentsia connections allowed him to gain more reputation. There are several means (such as articles and books publishing) to achieve the knowledge process of his works. The intellectuals acting as mediators of his thought, coming from the independent Marxist Left or from the PCF margins, were not only attracted by his works, but also convinced by his ideas on intellectual involvement and his concept of Marxism. Basing himself on his theories about relationship between politics and culture, they used them in trying to resist the ideological and cultural “hard line” of the PCF and to insist on a Marxism, which they wanted to expand. The plans failed in 1948 and Vittorini became an embarrassing reference for PCF authorities. But the mediation of his works at least contributed to reveal a part of the Italian cultural and ideological universe.