Central America is today a heavily structured geopolitical space divided along the nation-state model. This complex political architecture, which certain analysts compare to the Balkan situation as much for its belligerent character as for its diverse population, has not always been a zone where the Monroe Doctrine was diligently applied. In the early nineteenth century, after independence, political actors searched to establish an original path of development that combined American and European constitutions. They projected their future as a Federation and created an identity that is today completely lost, that of the Central American nation. From an approach to political events based on a social micro-history, we return to an affair that came as a result of the difficulties that Central Americans did not succeed in overcoming: the practices and social networks inherited from the Ancien Régime that undermined the effort to invent a Central American citizen.