This article tries to reread Foucault’s “History of Madness” (Madness and Civilization) on both structural and narrative levels. While recognizing the importance of more conventional sides of his thought, the author concentrates on the challenge Foucault poses to history by his mode of writing, especially his use of a kind of free indirect style. Although certain aspects of his thought are criticized, one raises the question of what, in his approach, remains intellectually and historiographically thought-provoking.