From 1880 to 1950, the relations between the Civil and Public Services, the economy and the Republic rested on two legal institutions: industrial and commercial public services and contracts of concession. In each case via different legal systems, they enabled the Republican model to maintain a certain form of liberal economy while introduced a certain level of State intervention. This solution was the result of historical evolution (although it was almost impossible to dissociate one from the other) and political culture. In fact it corresponds to a change in the economic role of the State who complies with the necessary change in people’s needs and expectations. But it reflected, above all, the refusal of a socialist economy which after the Second World War was the reference for a part of Europe.